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Acta pediatr. esp ; 66(5): 237-240, mayo 2008. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-68107

RESUMO

Se comunica un nuevo caso de deleción proximal del brazo largo del cromosoma 4 de novo, en un niño de 3 años de edad con rasgos fenotípicos compatibles con un síndrome de Waardemburg tipo II. Presentaba mechón de pelo blanco frontal, hipoacusia neurosensorial bilateral, desplazamiento lateral de cantos internos, heterocromía de iris, fisura velopalatina, lesiones hipocrómicas en tronco, hipotonía axial, extremidades cortas, deformidades de cuerpos vertebrales, retraso mental y ponderoestatural, reflujo gastroesofágico, síndrome de malabsorción, panhipopituitarismo, comunicación interauricular tipo ostium secundum, hipermetropía (11 dioptrías) y dificultad para la deglución. El cariotipo de alta resolución realizado en células de sangre periférica y piel hipo/hiperpigmentada puso de manifiesto una deleción intersticial en el brazo largo del cromosoma 4 (4q12-q21.1). El estudio mutacional del gen MITF (Waardenburg II) fue normal. Se revisan los casos similares descritos anteriormente en la bibliografía y se resalta que la asociación retraso mental y ponderoestatural en niños con rasgos fenotípicos que recuerdan al síndrome de Waardenburg o al piebaldismo aislado deben alertar sobre posibles deleciones en la estructura del brazo largo del cromosoma 4(AU)


We report a new case of a de novo interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 4, in a three-year-old boy, with phenotypic features compatible with Waardenburg syndrome type II. Clinical examination disclosed the following abnormalities: white forelock, sensorineural hearing loss, hypertelorism, irisheterochromia, cleft palate, hypotonia, depigmented areas in trunk, short limbs and deformities in vertebral bodies, mental retardation and developmental delay. Further studies showed gastroesophageal reflux, malabsorption syndrome, panhypopituitarism, atrial septal defect, hypermetropia (11 diopters) and swallowing difficulties. Chromosome analysis of peripheral blood cells and hypopigmented and hyperpigmented skin cells showed an interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 4 (4q12-q21.1). The results of the mutational study of the MITF gene (Waardenburg II) were normal. Genetic studies of the parentsal so produced normal results. We have reviewed similar cases previously published in the literature, and we stress the fact that the association of growth failure and mental retardation in children with a phenotype resembling piebald trait or Waardenburg syndrome should alert us to the possibility of deletions in the structure of the long arm of chromosome 4(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Deleção Cromossômica , Cromossomos Humanos Par 4/fisiologia , Perda Auditiva/complicações , Deficiência Intelectual/fisiopatologia , Piebaldismo/complicações , Piebaldismo/genética , Aberrações Cromossômicas
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